RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market | Latest Analysis, Demand Trends, Growth Forecast

RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market Supply Chain Remains Concentrated Around East Asian Ceramic Processing and U.S. Defense RF Manufacturing

The RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market is estimated at nearly USD 1.45 billion in 2026, with supply activity still concentrated in a relatively narrow manufacturing ecosystem dominated by Japan, the United States, China, South Korea, and Taiwan. Unlike low-frequency signal filtering components that are increasingly commoditized, RF / microwave high pass filters remain dependent on precision ceramic processing, thin-film deposition, cavity machining, and microwave packaging capabilities that are controlled by a limited group of suppliers.

More than 58% of global production value for high-frequency passive RF filtering components in 2026 is linked to East Asian manufacturing clusters, particularly Japan and China, due to their control over multilayer ceramic technologies, LTCC substrates, and RF module packaging lines. On the demand side, growth is being shaped less by consumer electronics volume and more by infrastructure-intensive applications including defense radar modernization, low-earth-orbit satellite payloads, 5G massive MIMO radios, aerospace telemetry, and automotive radar operating above 24 GHz.

Production economics in this segment are heavily influenced by insertion loss requirements, frequency stability, power handling capability, and thermal reliability rather than only unit cost. This has prevented rapid migration toward low-cost manufacturing regions. Several categories of RF / Microwave High Pass Filters used in Ku-band, Ka-band, X-band, and millimeter-wave systems still rely on high-precision machining and testing environments located primarily in the U.S., Japan, and Germany. In parallel, China has expanded domestic RF component integration capacity aggressively since 2024 to reduce dependence on imported microwave assemblies used in telecom and aerospace electronics.

RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market Manufacturing Depends on LTCC, Thin-Film and Precision Metal Processing Ecosystems

The upstream manufacturing chain for RF / Microwave High Pass Filters begins with dielectric materials, specialty ceramics, copper-clad laminates, ferrite compounds, precision metal housings, and semiconductor-compatible thin-film substrates. Unlike general-purpose filters used in consumer electronics, microwave high pass filtering solutions operate at frequencies where conductor losses, dielectric stability, and electromagnetic shielding become critical production variables.

Japan remains the strongest supplier base for high-performance ceramic materials used in RF filtering structures. Companies operating in Kyoto, Nagoya, and Yokohama continue to supply low-loss dielectric powders and LTCC materials for microwave modules integrated into defense communication systems and 5G radio architectures. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry in Japan reported continued expansion in electronic ceramic exports through 2025, supported by telecom infrastructure and automotive radar demand. Murata Manufacturing, TDK, and Kyocera collectively account for a significant share of advanced RF ceramic packaging and substrate supply linked to microwave filter integration.

Taiwan’s role is centered more on RF module assembly and semiconductor-linked packaging rather than standalone filter manufacturing. The country’s outsourced semiconductor assembly and test ecosystem increasingly integrates RF front-end architectures where high pass filters are combined with low-noise amplifiers, duplexers, and antenna modules. ASE Technology and other advanced packaging providers expanded RF module production capacity during 2025 to support Wi-Fi 7 and 5G Advanced deployments, indirectly increasing demand for compact microwave filtering structures operating above 6 GHz.

China has expanded aggressively across the middle layer of the supply chain, particularly in cavity filters, waveguide structures, and telecom-grade RF passive components. Shenzhen, Suzhou, and Chengdu have emerged as key manufacturing clusters for microwave communication hardware. In March 2025, China Mobile announced additional investments exceeding USD 6 billion for 5G-Advanced infrastructure deployment across major provinces, accelerating procurement of high-frequency RF front-end components including high pass filtering modules for massive MIMO base stations. This directly increased regional production orders for RF ceramic components, precision connectors, and microwave assemblies.

However, China still depends on imports for several categories of high-frequency dielectric materials and ultra-low-loss substrates required in aerospace-grade RF / Microwave High Pass Filters. Certain PTFE-based laminates and high-frequency substrate technologies continue to be sourced from U.S. and Japanese suppliers due to tighter tolerance requirements in radar and satellite communication systems.

Aerospace and Defense Procurement Continues to Shape High-Frequency Filter Production Allocation

A substantial portion of global RF / Microwave High Pass Filters production capacity remains linked to defense procurement cycles rather than commercial handset demand. Radar systems, electronic warfare platforms, military satellite communication terminals, and airborne ISR systems require highly reliable microwave filtering solutions capable of operating under vibration, thermal stress, and electromagnetic interference conditions.

The United States continues to dominate high-value microwave filter manufacturing for aerospace and defense applications. States including California, Arizona, Texas, and Massachusetts host major RF subsystem manufacturing operations supporting military aviation and space communication programs. U.S.-based manufacturers such as Knowles Precision Devices, Smiths Interconnect, KR Electronics, and Microwave Filter Company maintain production specialization in ruggedized RF filtering systems for airborne and naval applications.

In April 2025, the U.S. Department of Defense approved additional procurement allocations tied to next-generation radar upgrades and electronic warfare systems across naval and airborne platforms. These programs increased demand for cavity-based microwave filters and waveguide filtering assemblies operating in X-band and Ku-band frequencies. Production lead times for certain military-grade RF passive components extended beyond 32 weeks during late 2025 because of testing bottlenecks and defense qualification requirements.

European supply remains more specialized and lower in production volume, but Germany, France, and the United Kingdom retain strong positions in aerospace microwave systems. Airbus satellite production programs and European defense electronics modernization initiatives continue to support demand for RF / Microwave High Pass Filters integrated into telemetry, satellite payload communication, and radar subsystems. Germany’s industrial microwave component manufacturing base also benefits from automotive radar expansion, particularly in 77 GHz advanced driver-assistance systems.

Telecom Infrastructure Expansion Is Increasing Demand for Compact Microwave Filtering Architectures

Telecom infrastructure remains the largest commercial demand contributor for the RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market in unit terms. Massive MIMO radios, distributed antenna systems, Open RAN architectures, and high-capacity backhaul equipment require selective signal filtering to manage interference across increasingly crowded frequency environments.

Global 5G base station deployment crossed an estimated 8.4 million units in 2025, with China accounting for the largest installed share. Higher-frequency deployments in 3.5 GHz, 4.9 GHz, and emerging 6 GHz-adjacent architectures are increasing the need for compact filtering components capable of maintaining low insertion loss under dense signal conditions. This trend has supported demand for thin-film and LTCC-based RF / Microwave High Pass Filters integrated directly into radio units.

South Korea continues to maintain a technologically advanced position in telecom RF integration. Samsung Electronics and domestic RF component suppliers expanded development activity around 5G Advanced and early 6G-related infrastructure testing during 2025. These developments increased procurement of microwave passive components with tighter phase stability and thermal performance requirements.

India is emerging more gradually in the supply chain, primarily through telecom infrastructure assembly and defense electronics localization. In February 2026, Bharat Electronics Limited expanded RF subsystem manufacturing capacity linked to radar and electronic warfare programs under domestic defense procurement initiatives. While India remains dependent on imports for several microwave substrate and dielectric materials, local assembly activity for RF modules and communication systems is increasing steadily.

Material Dependencies Are Centered on Low-Loss Ceramics, PTFE Laminates, and Precision Conductive Materials

Material dependency within the RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market is narrower but more technically sensitive than in broader passive electronics categories. High-frequency performance depends heavily on dielectric constant stability, conductor smoothness, and thermal expansion control.

Low-loss ceramic formulations remain one of the most important dependencies in the supply chain. Japanese suppliers continue to dominate several categories of microwave ceramic materials because of process consistency and low defect rates during multilayer firing. Supply disruptions in specialty ceramic powders can significantly affect filter yield rates and insertion loss performance.

PTFE-based laminates and hydrocarbon ceramic substrates are also essential in microwave PCB architectures supporting high pass filter integration. Rogers Corporation in the United States continues to hold a strong position in high-frequency laminates used across aerospace, defense, and telecom microwave systems. Demand for these materials increased through 2025 as satellite communication terminals and phased-array radar deployments accelerated globally.

Silver, copper, and gold plating materials remain relevant due to conductivity requirements in microwave structures. Rising silver price volatility during 2024 and 2025 increased manufacturing cost pressure for certain cavity filter and waveguide assembly producers, especially smaller suppliers operating in Europe. However, because performance reliability is prioritized over raw material savings in high-frequency applications, substitution flexibility remains limited in defense and aerospace-grade RF / Microwave High Pass Filters.

RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market Segmentation Highlights Across Telecom, Defense, Satellite and Automotive Radar Systems

• Telecom infrastructure and wireless backhaul account for an estimated 34% of RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market demand in 2026, supported by massive MIMO radios, Open RAN deployment, and higher-frequency spectrum utilization.
• Aerospace, defense, and electronic warfare applications contribute nearly 29% of global market revenue because of higher-value ruggedized microwave filtering assemblies used in radar and secure communication systems.
• By frequency range, products operating above 6 GHz represent the fastest-growing category, driven by satellite communications, automotive radar, and millimeter-wave infrastructure deployment.
• LTCC and thin-film integrated RF / Microwave High Pass Filters are gaining share in compact RF front-end architectures, particularly in telecom radios and aerospace communication modules.
• Waveguide and cavity-based microwave high pass filters continue to dominate high-power radar and defense applications where insertion loss and thermal stability remain critical performance requirements.
• Asia-Pacific remains the largest consumption region in volume terms due to telecom infrastructure expansion and electronics manufacturing concentration, while North America leads in high-value military and aerospace-grade systems.

Telecom Networks Continue to Absorb the Largest Volume of RF / Microwave High Pass Filters

The telecom sector remains the single largest downstream consumer for the RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market, particularly across macro base stations, small cells, distributed antenna systems, and microwave backhaul infrastructure. The transition toward denser spectrum utilization has increased the requirement for selective signal filtering to suppress low-frequency interference and maintain signal integrity in multi-band architectures.

The practical shift is visible in radio hardware complexity. A typical 5G massive MIMO base station now integrates significantly more RF filtering stages than earlier LTE equipment because operators are simultaneously managing sub-6 GHz spectrum, carrier aggregation, and adjacent-band interference. This has directly increased the number of high-frequency passive filtering components deployed per radio unit.

China remains the largest telecom demand center. By early 2026, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology reported cumulative deployment exceeding 4.5 million 5G base stations nationwide. Expansion of 5G-Advanced infrastructure by China Mobile, China Telecom, and China Unicom is increasing demand for RF / Microwave High Pass Filters operating in higher-frequency network layers and microwave transport equipment.

In the United States, Open RAN deployments and rural broadband expansion programs are also influencing demand patterns. Telecom infrastructure suppliers increasingly prefer compact thin-film or LTCC-based filtering solutions integrated into RF front-end modules to reduce power consumption and equipment size. This transition is especially important for outdoor radio units where thermal management constraints are becoming more severe as antenna density rises.

Japan and South Korea remain important technology-driven telecom markets because of early experimentation around 6G-related spectrum research. In 2025, South Korea expanded government-backed 6G pilot infrastructure investments with participation from Samsung Electronics and domestic network equipment suppliers. Such projects are pushing RF design requirements toward higher-frequency microwave architectures, creating demand for lower-loss filtering solutions capable of stable operation at elevated frequencies.

Defense Electronics and Radar Systems Support High-Value RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market Revenue

While telecom leads in shipment volume, aerospace and defense applications generate a disproportionately large share of RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market revenue because military-grade products command substantially higher pricing and qualification costs.

Modern radar systems operate in congested electromagnetic environments where filtering precision directly affects detection capability and signal reliability. High pass filters are widely used in airborne radar, naval surveillance systems, missile guidance electronics, electronic warfare receivers, and secure military communication terminals.

The defense electronics cycle accelerated further during 2024–2026 due to rising procurement activity across the United States, Europe, India, and parts of East Asia. NATO members collectively expanded defense spending above USD 500 billion in Europe during 2025, increasing orders for radar modernization and electronic surveillance systems. These systems require ruggedized microwave filtering assemblies capable of surviving high-vibration and high-temperature operating conditions.

The United States continues to account for the largest concentration of advanced military RF system production. Programs linked to AESA radar upgrades, airborne ISR platforms, and naval electronic warfare systems are sustaining demand for cavity-based RF / Microwave High Pass Filters operating in X-band and Ku-band frequencies. Microwave component suppliers serving defense programs continue to report longer qualification cycles because insertion loss, phase stability, and shielding performance must remain stable under harsh operating conditions.

India has also emerged as an increasingly important defense demand center. Indigenous radar production under defense localization initiatives has expanded procurement of microwave passive components from domestic and international suppliers. Bharat Electronics Limited increased manufacturing activity for airborne and ground-based radar systems during 2025 and early 2026, indirectly supporting local demand for high-frequency filtering structures.

Satellite Communication Expansion Is Increasing Ka-Band and Ku-Band Filter Requirements

The satellite communication ecosystem has become a major growth contributor for the RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market, especially after the rapid expansion of low-earth-orbit satellite constellations and high-throughput satellite deployments.

Satellite payloads and ground terminals require highly selective filtering systems to manage uplink and downlink frequencies without signal distortion. As satellite networks migrate toward higher-frequency Ka-band architectures, microwave filtering complexity increases because signal attenuation and interference risks become more difficult to manage.

SpaceX continued large-scale Starlink satellite launches through 2025, while OneWeb, Amazon’s Project Kuiper, and several regional satellite operators expanded infrastructure investment programs. These deployments increased procurement activity for RF front-end assemblies used in phased-array ground terminals, satellite payload communication systems, and gateway infrastructure.

Europe’s satellite communication manufacturing ecosystem is also contributing to demand expansion. Airbus Defence and Space and Thales Alenia Space continue integrating microwave filtering technologies into satellite payload systems designed for broadband communication and defense applications. High-frequency microwave filters used in space systems typically require tighter tolerance levels and radiation-resistant packaging, increasing component value compared to telecom-grade products.

Ground infrastructure demand is becoming equally important. Satellite gateway stations and electronically steerable antennas deployed for maritime, aviation, and remote connectivity services require stable microwave filtering systems capable of operating continuously in outdoor environments. This has expanded demand for RF / Microwave High Pass Filters with higher environmental reliability and lower insertion loss performance.

Automotive Radar and ADAS Systems Push Microwave Filtering Into Higher Frequency Ranges

Automotive radar applications are reshaping demand for compact microwave filtering technologies, particularly in the 24 GHz and 77 GHz frequency bands used in advanced driver-assistance systems.

Vehicle manufacturers are integrating larger numbers of radar sensors to support adaptive cruise control, blind-spot monitoring, autonomous parking, and collision avoidance systems. The European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association reported continued increases in ADAS-equipped vehicle production through 2025, particularly across premium and electric vehicle categories.

Unlike telecom applications where filter volume is concentrated in infrastructure equipment, automotive demand depends on miniaturized and cost-optimized RF architectures capable of surviving vibration, humidity, and thermal cycling. This has increased the use of integrated RF / Microwave High Pass Filters within radar modules manufactured using compact LTCC and semiconductor packaging technologies.

China’s electric vehicle manufacturing expansion is creating additional demand momentum. Domestic EV manufacturers including BYD and Geely accelerated adoption of higher radar sensor counts in premium vehicle platforms during 2025. More radar channels per vehicle translate directly into higher consumption of microwave passive filtering components and RF front-end integration technologies.

German automotive suppliers remain technologically influential in this segment because of advanced radar engineering capabilities. Continental, Bosch, and Infineon Technologies continue investing in higher-resolution radar platforms designed to improve autonomous driving performance under poor visibility conditions. These radar systems require stable microwave filtering structures with precise frequency selectivity to avoid interference between adjacent channels.

Demand Trend Across the RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market

Demand patterns in the RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market are becoming increasingly polarized between high-volume telecom infrastructure and high-value aerospace-defense applications. Unit shipments are rising steadily in compact integrated filter architectures used in wireless infrastructure and automotive radar modules, while revenue growth remains strongly influenced by military radar, satellite communication payloads, and electronic warfare systems where qualification standards and pricing remain substantially higher.

The strongest near-term demand acceleration is occurring in applications operating above 6 GHz, particularly in Ka-band satellite communication, 77 GHz automotive radar, and advanced telecom backhaul systems. At the same time, lower-frequency legacy microwave applications are showing slower procurement cycles in several mature telecom markets due to operator capex optimization during 2025. Despite this moderation, demand visibility for defense electronics and satellite communication infrastructure remains comparatively stable because of long-term government-backed procurement programs and expanding global secure communication requirements.

Major Manufacturers Competing Through Thin-Film Precision, LTCC Integration and Defense-Grade Reliability

Competition in the RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market remains concentrated among a limited number of manufacturers with deep expertise in microwave ceramics, RF packaging, cavity machining, and thin-film process engineering. Unlike low-frequency passive components, RF and microwave filtering products require highly controlled electrical performance at elevated frequencies where insertion loss, temperature drift, and shielding effectiveness directly affect system reliability.

Japanese suppliers continue to dominate the high-frequency ceramic and multilayer integration segment. Murata Manufacturing maintains one of the strongest positions in RF passive components through its multilayer ceramic processing capabilities and compact RF module integration technologies. Its microwave filtering solutions are widely used in wireless infrastructure, automotive radar systems, industrial communication modules, and advanced RF front-end architectures. Demand for Murata’s high-frequency ceramic technologies increased further during 2025 as Wi-Fi 7 access points and 5G-Advanced radio deployments accelerated across Asia and North America.

TDK Corporation remains another influential supplier in microwave passive electronics, particularly in high-frequency ceramic materials and RF component integration. The company continues to benefit from growth in automotive radar electronics and telecom radio architectures operating at increasingly crowded frequency ranges. TDK’s RF product ecosystem supports compact filtering requirements in connected vehicle platforms and industrial wireless equipment where thermal stability and signal isolation are becoming more critical.

Kyocera has retained a strong position in dielectric-based microwave filtering structures and RF ceramic packaging technologies. The company’s microwave components are widely integrated into telecom infrastructure, satellite communication systems, and industrial wireless networks. Kyocera’s continued development activity around higher-frequency communication hardware reflects growing demand for compact microwave filtering systems capable of operating efficiently above 6 GHz.

North American manufacturers remain heavily focused on aerospace, defense, and high-reliability communication applications. Knowles Corporation, through its DLI microwave product portfolio, continues supplying high-pass, low-pass, cavity, and millimeter-wave filters for radar systems, electronic warfare equipment, telecom infrastructure, and satellite communication platforms. The company’s microwave filtering solutions support frequencies extending into millimeter-wave ranges used in advanced defense radar and aerospace communication electronics.

Knowles maintains particular strength in thin-film microwave processing and high-permittivity ceramic integration, which are important for maintaining low insertion loss and frequency stability under demanding operating environments. The company’s RF and microwave filtering products are increasingly deployed in phased-array radar systems and military communication electronics where compact size and shielding performance are essential.

Mini-Circuits also remains highly visible across telecom infrastructure, laboratory instrumentation, aerospace electronics, and industrial RF applications. Its portfolio includes a broad range of coaxial and surface-mount microwave filters supporting frequencies from low RF bands into millimeter-wave operating ranges. The company benefits from strong positioning in both commercial and defense-oriented microwave applications due to wide product availability and rapid customization capability.

Smiths Interconnect continues to strengthen its role in aerospace-grade microwave filtering systems, particularly in satellite communication, radar, avionics, and electronic warfare applications. The company’s cavity filters and planar filtering architectures are widely integrated into high-frequency communication systems operating across X-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band environments. Demand for high-performance filtering solutions from aerospace and defense customers has remained comparatively stable because of long-term procurement programs and increasing radar modernization activity across NATO countries and Asia-Pacific defense markets.

RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market Reliability Requirements Remain Exceptionally Stringent

Qualification standards within the RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market remain significantly stricter than those applied to standard consumer RF components. Aerospace, defense, satellite communication, and radar systems require microwave filters capable of maintaining stable performance across harsh environmental conditions including vibration, thermal cycling, humidity exposure, and electromagnetic interference.

Military-grade microwave filters often undergo extensive validation involving high-temperature operating life tests, mechanical shock testing, salt atmosphere exposure, and radiation-related reliability analysis. In airborne radar and satellite payload applications, even minor drift in insertion loss or frequency response can compromise communication accuracy and signal detection capability.

This environment strongly favors manufacturers with long-standing aerospace and defense qualification histories. Product approval cycles frequently extend beyond one year because microwave filtering systems must demonstrate consistent electrical performance across wide operating temperature ranges and prolonged operational lifetimes.

Satellite communication systems impose particularly demanding reliability standards. Microwave filters integrated into orbital payloads are expected to operate continuously for more than a decade without meaningful degradation in signal selectivity or rejection performance. As a result, suppliers involved in space communication electronics invest heavily in process consistency, material screening, and RF calibration precision.

Telecom infrastructure applications involve slightly different reliability priorities. Wireless operators focus heavily on thermal management, insertion loss reduction, and power efficiency because compact 5G radios generate significantly higher thermal loads compared with previous network generations. RF / Microwave High Pass Filters integrated into massive MIMO systems therefore require strong long-term electrical stability despite continuous outdoor operation.

Automotive radar systems are also raising reliability expectations. Radar modules used in advanced driver-assistance systems must withstand severe vibration, humidity, and thermal stress while maintaining precise frequency response. European and Asian automotive suppliers continue increasing qualification requirements for microwave passive components used in 77 GHz radar platforms as autonomous driving capability expands.

Integrated RF Front-End Architectures Are Changing Product Development Priorities

The transition toward highly integrated RF front-end systems is reshaping product development strategies across the RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market. Traditional standalone filtering structures are increasingly being replaced by compact integrated architectures combining filters, amplifiers, duplexers, and antenna interfaces within single RF modules.

This shift is particularly visible in telecom infrastructure and automotive electronics. Massive MIMO radios require compact high-frequency filtering systems capable of fitting into dense antenna arrays without generating excessive thermal load. As a result, manufacturers are increasing investment in LTCC-based and thin-film microwave integration technologies.

Automotive radar modules are following a similar trajectory. Higher radar sensor density in premium electric vehicles is forcing suppliers to reduce component footprint while improving electromagnetic isolation. Compact RF filtering solutions integrated directly into radar front-end assemblies are becoming increasingly important for maintaining signal clarity in congested sensing environments.

Semiconductor-linked RF suppliers including Qorvo and Skyworks Solutions are also becoming more influential within integrated microwave filtering ecosystems because RF front-end miniaturization increasingly combines semiconductor amplification and passive filtering functions within shared module platforms.

Manufacturing Economics and Cost Pressure

Manufacturing economics in the RF / Microwave High Pass Filters Market remain highly dependent on process yield stability rather than production volume alone. Small deviations during ceramic firing, conductor plating, or thin-film deposition can significantly affect insertion loss and frequency precision, creating substantial cost penalties in high-frequency microwave products.

Cost pressure is strongest in telecom infrastructure applications where network operators continue pushing equipment vendors toward lower hardware spending. Suppliers serving commercial wireless markets therefore face increasing pressure to improve integration density and reduce manufacturing complexity without sacrificing RF performance.

Defense and aerospace applications remain comparatively less price-sensitive because qualification barriers limit supplier substitution. However, production costs increased during 2024 and 2025 due to rising prices for silver plating materials, specialty ceramics, and high-frequency laminates used in microwave PCB structures.

Energy-intensive ceramic processing operations also added manufacturing pressure, particularly for smaller European microwave component suppliers operating under elevated industrial electricity costs.

Recent Industry Developments and Ecosystem Updates

• March 2025: China Mobile expanded 5G-Advanced infrastructure investments exceeding USD 6 billion, increasing procurement demand for microwave RF front-end components and compact filtering architectures used in massive MIMO systems.
• April 2025: U.S. defense procurement activity accelerated under radar modernization and electronic warfare upgrade programs, supporting higher production demand for ruggedized microwave cavity filters and RF assemblies.
• Mid-2025: Automotive radar adoption increased further across China and Europe as electric vehicle manufacturers expanded deployment of multi-radar ADAS platforms operating in the 77 GHz frequency range.
• 2025: Japanese RF ceramic suppliers continued expanding production focus toward high-frequency wireless infrastructure and automotive radar applications linked to Wi-Fi 7 and advanced telecom hardware.
• 2025: Satellite communication infrastructure investments remained strong across North America and Europe due to continued deployment of low-earth-orbit communication systems and phased-array ground terminal equipment.