Vinyl Tile Market latest Statistics on Market Size, Growth, Production, Sales Volume, Sales Price, Market Share and Import vs Export 

Vinyl Tile Market Summary Highlights

The Vinyl Tile Market is demonstrating steady expansion driven by construction recovery, renovation cycles, and material innovation. Demand is increasingly supported by commercial infrastructure upgrades, residential remodeling activity, and cost-efficient flooring alternatives replacing traditional ceramic and hardwood materials. Performance improvements such as waterproof cores, scratch resistance, and digital print layers are strengthening product adoption across institutional and retail sectors.

Market momentum in 2025 and 2026 is shaped by urban housing supply growth, expansion of organized retail spaces, and increasing investments in healthcare and education infrastructure. Luxury Vinyl Tile (LVT) continues to dominate product penetration due to durability advantages and lifecycle cost benefits. Meanwhile, rigid core variants such as SPC (Stone Plastic Composite) and WPC (Wood Plastic Composite) are gaining traction due to dimensional stability and moisture resistance.

Manufacturing expansion across Asia-Pacific and Eastern Europe is improving supply availability and reducing production costs. At the same time, sustainability regulations are pushing manufacturers toward low-VOC formulations and recyclable backing materials. Digital manufacturing technologies are also improving design customization capabilities.

From a quantitative perspective, the Vinyl Tile Market Size is projected to demonstrate consistent mid-single-digit CAGR growth through 2032 supported by commercial replacement demand and rising residential flooring modernization rates.

Vinyl Tile Market Statistical Highlights

• The Vinyl Tile Market is estimated to reach approximately USD 32.8 billion in 2025, rising to nearly USD 35.1 billion in 2026
  • Forecast growth indicates a projected CAGR of 6.4% between 2025 and 2032
  • Luxury Vinyl Tile accounts for nearly 41% of Vinyl Tile Market share in 2026
  • Asia-Pacific contributes around 46% of total Vinyl Tile Market demand
  • Commercial applications represent nearly 52% of Vinyl Tile Market consumption
  • Residential renovation demand is expected to grow by 7.2% annually through 2030
  • SPC vinyl tiles are projected to grow at 8.1% CAGR due to structural durability
  • Healthcare flooring demand using vinyl tile is expected to increase 6.8% annually
  • Digitally printed vinyl tile design adoption increased 18% between 2024 and 2026
  • Sustainable vinyl flooring product launches increased 22% between 2025 and 2026

Vinyl Tile Market Driven by Expansion of Global Construction and Renovation Activity

The Vinyl Tile Market is strongly correlated with construction output and renovation spending growth. Global construction output is projected to exceed USD 15.8 trillion in 2026, increasing from approximately USD 15 trillion in 2025. Flooring materials typically account for nearly 7–9% of total building material costs, directly linking construction growth to Vinyl Tile Market expansion.

Residential renovation is emerging as a particularly strong demand driver. For instance:

• Home renovation spending is projected to grow 6.1% in 2025
  • Multi-family housing renovation is expected to increase 5.8% in 2026
  • Flooring replacement accounts for nearly 28% of renovation material spending

Vinyl tile demand is benefiting due to advantages such as:

• Installation cost nearly 18–25% lower than ceramic tile
  • Maintenance costs nearly 30% lower than hardwood flooring
  • Installation time reduced by approximately 35% compared to stone flooring

Commercial renovation is also expanding adoption. For example, retail modernization programs increased flooring replacement cycles from 12–15 years to about 8–10 years, accelerating Vinyl Tile Market consumption.

Healthcare infrastructure development further illustrates this trend. Hospital construction growth of 5.9% annually through 2030 is contributing to vinyl flooring demand because vinyl tiles offer antimicrobial coatings and easy sanitation maintenance.

Vinyl Tile Market Growth Accelerated by Luxury Vinyl Tile (LVT) Penetration

Luxury Vinyl Tile has become the fastest expanding category within the Vinyl Tile Market due to design realism and durability improvements. LVT now represents more than 40% of Vinyl Tile Market revenue and continues to displace laminate flooring.

Growth is supported by improvements such as:

• High-resolution printing exceeding 1200 dpi texture resolution
  • Wear layer thickness improvements from 12 mil to 28 mil
  • Product lifespans increasing from 10 years to 20 years

LVT demand is increasing in segments such as:

• Corporate office flooring upgrades growing 5.6% annually
  • Hospitality renovation cycles growing 6.3% annually
  • Retail flooring modernization programs growing 6.9% annually

For instance, hotel renovation programs typically replace flooring every 7–9 years. Vinyl tile solutions reduce replacement costs by approximately 22% compared to carpet replacement cycles, supporting Vinyl Tile Market expansion.

Another example includes educational institutions where vinyl tile adoption increased approximately 9% between 2024 and 2026 due to improved slip resistance and acoustic backing layers.

The Vinyl Tile Market Size is particularly benefiting from this premiumization trend, as higher-value LVT products generate stronger revenue growth compared to commodity flooring products.

Vinyl Tile Market Expansion Supported by Waterproof and Rigid Core Technology

Technology innovation is a major driver reshaping the Vinyl Tile Market. SPC and WPC vinyl tile technologies are expanding adoption by solving moisture and structural limitations.

SPC tile demand is projected to grow rapidly because of:

• Core density improvements increasing impact resistance by 28%
  • Dimensional stability improvements reducing expansion by 35%
  • Installation failure reduction rates improving by nearly 20%

Rigid core products now account for nearly 34% of Vinyl Tile Market product demand and are expected to exceed 40% by 2030.

For example:

• Basement flooring demand using SPC tiles increased 11% in 2025
  • Moisture-prone region demand increased 8.4% annually
  • Quick-lock installation formats increased installer productivity by 26%

Retail stores increasingly prefer rigid vinyl tiles because of heavy foot traffic durability. For instance, supermarket flooring replacement projects increasingly specify SPC vinyl because of load tolerance improvements of nearly 15% compared to traditional vinyl composition tile (VCT).

Industrial applications are also expanding. Light manufacturing flooring upgrades using vinyl tile increased 4.7% in 2025, supporting broader Vinyl Tile Market growth.

Vinyl Tile Market Benefiting from Cost Efficiency Compared to Traditional Flooring

Cost competitiveness remains one of the strongest growth drivers of the Vinyl Tile Market. Vinyl tile total lifecycle cost remains significantly lower than traditional flooring.

Comparative lifecycle cost analysis indicates:

• Vinyl tile lifecycle cost averages USD 3.8–5.5 per square foot
  • Ceramic tile lifecycle cost averages USD 6.5–9.2 per square foot
  • Hardwood flooring lifecycle cost averages USD 9.5–14 per square foot

Maintenance savings also influence purchasing decisions.

For example:

• Annual maintenance costs are nearly 32% lower than hardwood
  • Replacement costs reduced nearly 27% compared to laminate
  • Cleaning costs reduced nearly 18% compared to carpet flooring

Commercial developers increasingly standardize vinyl tile specifications because flooring costs typically represent 3–5% of total project budgets. Even small percentage savings can significantly affect capital expenditure decisions.

Affordable housing programs are another example supporting Vinyl Tile Market expansion. Government housing construction programs increased by nearly 5% globally in 2025, creating demand for cost-effective flooring materials.

Another growth example includes rental housing where property managers prefer vinyl tile due to faster tenant turnover preparation times. Flooring replacement turnaround time reductions of nearly 40% support vinyl tile preference.

The Vinyl Tile Market Size continues expanding as these cost advantages drive material substitution from traditional flooring options.

Vinyl Tile Market Influenced by Sustainability and Low-Emission Material Development

Environmental compliance is becoming an increasingly important factor shaping the Vinyl Tile Market. Regulations targeting indoor air quality and recyclability are influencing product development.

Key sustainability developments include:

• Low-VOC vinyl tile product launches increased 21% in 2025
  • Phthalate-free product adoption increased 17% between 2024 and 2026
  • Recyclable backing material adoption increased 19%

Green building certifications are also driving demand.

For example:

• LEED certified building construction increased 8% in 2026
  • Green commercial building flooring specifications increased 6.5% annually
  • Sustainable material procurement policies increased adoption by 5.7%

Manufacturers are also investing in circular material systems. For instance:

• Closed loop recycling programs increased production efficiency by 12%
  • Recycled vinyl content increased from 8% to nearly 15% in new products
  • Manufacturing waste reduction improved nearly 14%

Healthcare and education sectors are particularly strong adopters of low emission vinyl tile materials. Hospital flooring procurement specifications now include VOC emission limits in nearly 65% of new projects.

Another example includes corporate ESG compliance strategies where sustainable flooring procurement increased by nearly 9% in 2025, strengthening Vinyl Tile Market growth.

Digital traceability of raw materials is also emerging as a differentiator. Material certification programs increased manufacturer participation by approximately 13%, further formalizing sustainability practices.

Vinyl Tile Market Geographical Demand, Production, Segmentation, and Price Trend Analysis

Vinyl Tile Market Regional Demand Distribution and Growth Hotspots

The Vinyl Tile Market demonstrates strong geographical demand concentration across Asia-Pacific, North America, and Europe, which together account for nearly 88% of global consumption in 2026. Demand distribution reflects construction output growth, urbanization rates, and commercial infrastructure investments.

Asia-Pacific remains the largest consumption center of the Vinyl Tile Market, accounting for approximately 46% of global demand in 2026, supported by housing expansion and rapid commercial development. For instance, urban housing construction in India, Vietnam, and Indonesia is expanding at 7–9% annually, which directly translates into higher flooring material consumption.

China continues to dominate regional consumption, contributing nearly 52% of Asia Pacific Vinyl Tile Market demand, driven by residential replacement demand and commercial retrofitting projects. For example, office renovation projects increased nearly 6.2% in 2025, boosting vinyl flooring installations.

North America represents approximately 24% of the Vinyl Tile Market in 2026, supported by strong remodeling activity. Residential remodeling expenditure is expected to exceed USD 540 billion in 2026, growing nearly 5.5% from 2025, which directly supports vinyl tile demand due to its fast installation advantages.

Europe accounts for nearly 18% of the Vinyl Tile Market, with growth driven by energy-efficient building upgrades and renovation mandates. For instance, renovation programs targeting older buildings increased flooring replacement rates by nearly 4.8% in 2025.

Middle East construction diversification is another example. Non-oil infrastructure investment increased 6.6% in 2026, supporting demand for durable commercial flooring such as vinyl tile.

Vinyl Tile Market Demand Growth Across Application Regions

The Vinyl Tile Market also shows significant variation in application-driven regional demand patterns. Commercial usage remains dominant in developed markets, while residential growth leads in emerging economies.

For instance:

• North America commercial segment contributes 58% of regional Vinyl Tile Market demand
  • Asia-Pacific residential segment contributes 61% of regional demand
  • European institutional demand accounts for 29% of regional consumption

Healthcare expansion provides a strong example of regional growth. Hospital construction investments increased:

• 6.4% in North America
  • 7.1% in Asia-Pacific
  • 5.3% in Europe

This directly increases demand for vinyl tiles because of hygiene benefits and lifecycle performance.

Retail expansion is another strong demand example. Organized retail space increased nearly 5% globally in 2025, with vinyl tile specified in nearly 37% of new retail flooring projects.

Warehouse and logistics construction also contributes to the Vinyl Tile Market, particularly in Asia where logistics space expanded 8.3% in 2026, increasing demand for heavy-duty vinyl flooring systems.

Vinyl Tile Market Production Concentration and Manufacturing Expansion

The Vinyl Tile Market production landscape remains heavily concentrated in Asia due to cost efficiency and integrated PVC supply chains. Asia accounts for nearly 63% of global manufacturing output, followed by Europe at 17% and North America at 12%.

Production expansion is driven by:

• Lower labor costs improving margins by 14–18%
  • PVC raw material availability reducing input costs by 9–12%
  • Export competitiveness improving by nearly 11%

Manufacturing relocation trends are also visible. For instance, Southeast Asia vinyl tile capacity increased nearly 13% between 2024 and 2026, driven by diversification away from single-country sourcing risks.

Automation investments also increased productivity. Digital cutting and printing lines improved manufacturing throughput by nearly 16%, strengthening Vinyl Tile Market supply consistency.

Vinyl Tile Market Production Trend and Capacity Statistics

The Vinyl Tile Market is witnessing steady manufacturing expansion supported by rising construction demand and material substitution trends. Global Vinyl Tile production is estimated to reach approximately 5.9 billion square meters in 2025, increasing to nearly 6.3 billion square meters in 2026.

Asia dominates Vinyl Tile production, contributing nearly 68% of global output, while North America contributes approximately 14% of Vinyl Tile production and Europe contributes about 13% of Vinyl Tile production.

Capacity utilization levels in Vinyl Tile production improved from 74% in 2024 to nearly 79% in 2026, reflecting stronger demand absorption. For instance, new Vinyl Tile production lines commissioned in Vietnam and Thailand increased export capacity by nearly 9%.

Technological upgrades are also improving Vinyl Tile production efficiency. For example, automated calendaring and lamination lines reduced material waste by nearly 11%, improving production cost structures.

Export-oriented Vinyl Tile production also increased nearly 8% in 2025, particularly supporting North American and European import demand.

Vinyl Tile Market Segmentation Analysis by Product Type

The Vinyl Tile Market shows strong segmentation based on product structure, performance characteristics, and installation technologies.

Product segmentation by share (2026 estimates):

• Luxury Vinyl Tile (LVT) – 41%
  • Stone Plastic Composite (SPC) – 23%
  • Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) – 11%
  • Vinyl Composition Tile (VCT) – 15%
  • Others – 10%

LVT remains dominant due to premium aesthetics and durability. For instance, commercial office flooring specifications increased LVT usage by nearly 8.2% in 2025.

SPC products are expanding rapidly because of rigid core strength. SPC demand increased nearly 9.4% between 2025 and 2026, particularly in moisture-prone applications such as kitchens and basements.

VCT remains relevant in institutional flooring due to cost advantages. For example, schools still use VCT in nearly 32% of flooring installations due to affordability.

Vinyl Tile Market Segmentation Highlights

Key segmentation insights within the Vinyl Tile Market include:

By Product Type

• LVT dominates premium flooring installations
  • SPC shows fastest growth due to durability
  • WPC gaining residential demand due to comfort layers
  • VCT maintains institutional presence

By Application

• Commercial – 52%
  • Residential – 39%
  • Industrial – 9%

By Installation Type

• Glue down tiles – 44%
  • Click lock systems – 36%
  • Loose lay formats – 20%

By End Use Industry

• Retail infrastructure
  • Healthcare facilities
  • Education buildings
  • Hospitality sector
  • Corporate offices

Vinyl Tile Market Segmentation by Application Demand Expansion

Application diversity continues strengthening the Vinyl Tile Market growth outlook. Commercial demand remains strongest due to performance requirements.

For example:

• Retail flooring demand grew 5.8% in 2025
  • Hospitality flooring renovation demand increased 6.1%
  • Office modernization demand increased 5.4%

Residential applications are also increasing. Multi-family housing construction increased nearly 6.7% in 2026, supporting vinyl tile demand due to cost and maintenance advantages.

Industrial applications are emerging as a niche growth area. Light industrial flooring upgrades increased nearly 4.2%, particularly in electronics assembly and logistics centers.

Educational institutions are another example. School infrastructure upgrades increased flooring replacement demand by nearly 5%, particularly in high traffic corridors.

Vinyl Tile Market Price Dynamics and Cost Structure Changes

The Vinyl Tile Market is strongly influenced by raw material costs, PVC resin pricing, logistics costs, and energy expenses. Price stability improved in 2025 following supply chain normalization.

Average Vinyl Tile Price ranged between:

• USD 2.1–2.8 per square foot for standard grades
  • USD 3.2–4.9 for LVT
  • USD 4.5–6.8 for rigid core premium products

Raw material costs typically represent nearly 48–55% of Vinyl Tile Price, making PVC price volatility a key factor affecting margins.

Energy costs also influence Vinyl Tile Price structures. Manufacturing energy costs increased nearly 6% in 2025, slightly affecting finished product pricing.

Freight normalization reduced logistics costs by nearly 9% between 2024 and 2026, helping stabilize Vinyl Tile Price levels.

Vinyl Tile Market Vinyl Tile Price Trend and Regional Variations

The Vinyl Tile Price Trend reflects regional production advantages and logistics costs. Asia manufactured products remain nearly 12–18% cheaper compared to locally manufactured Western products.

The Vinyl Tile Price Trend shows moderate increases due to premiumization. For example:

• Premium LVT prices increased 4.6% in 2025
  • SPC product prices increased 3.9%
  • Standard vinyl tile prices increased only 2.1%

This indicates value-driven pricing rather than inflation-driven growth.

Regional Vinyl Tile Price differences illustrate this pattern:

• Asia average Vinyl Tile Price – lowest cost manufacturing base
  • North America – 14% higher pricing due to labor costs
  • Europe – 11% higher pricing due to environmental compliance costs

The Vinyl Tile Price Trend also reflects product innovation. Digitally printed premium tiles command nearly 22% higher Vinyl Tile Price compared to standard designs.

Another example includes antimicrobial coated tiles, which increased Vinyl Tile Price by nearly 8–10%, particularly in healthcare projects.

Vinyl Tile Market Vinyl Tile Price Trend Influenced by Raw Materials and Innovation

The Vinyl Tile Price Trend is also shaped by PVC resin fluctuations, plasticizer costs, and additive technologies. PVC prices stabilized in 2025 after volatility in earlier years, improving pricing predictability.

Material innovation is also shifting the Vinyl Tile Price structure. For instance:

• Recycled material integration reduced cost volatility by 5%
  • Wear layer improvements increased product pricing by 6%
  • Acoustic backing additions increased Vinyl Tile Price by 7%

Manufacturers are increasingly using tiered pricing strategies, which is reshaping the Vinyl Tile Price Trend through product differentiation.

For example:

• Entry level products targeting volume housing
  • Mid tier products targeting renovation markets
  • Premium products targeting commercial durability needs

Contract pricing strategies also influence the Vinyl Tile Price Trend. Bulk procurement contracts reduce prices by nearly 10–14%, particularly in commercial projects.

Overall pricing direction suggests stable upward movement aligned with product performance improvements rather than raw inflation pressure, reinforcing long term Vinyl Tile Market value growth.

Vinyl Tile Market Leading Manufacturers and Competitive Landscape Structure

The Vinyl Tile Market competitive environment is characterized by the presence of global flooring conglomerates alongside regional volume producers. The top manufacturers collectively account for approximately 40–45% of the Vinyl Tile Market in 2026, indicating moderate consolidation with room for regional specialists.

Market leadership is determined by production scale, global distribution networks, commercial project penetration, and innovation in Luxury Vinyl Tile (LVT) and rigid core technologies. For instance, manufacturers investing in SPC and waterproof LVT product platforms have improved commercial project win rates by nearly 12–15% between 2024 and 2026.

Another competitive factor shaping the Vinyl Tile Market is backward integration into PVC processing and decorative film production. Companies with integrated raw material sourcing structures improved operating margins by nearly 6–9%, allowing more aggressive pricing strategies.

Private label manufacturing is also expanding. Contract manufacturing for retail brands increased nearly 10% in 2025, particularly in North America and Europe, which is reshaping competitive dynamics in the Vinyl Tile Market.

Vinyl Tile Market Share by Manufacturers and Competitive Positioning

The Vinyl Tile Market share by manufacturers shows that the top five global players together control approximately 28–32% of global Vinyl Tile Market revenue, while the top ten control nearly 45%.

Market share positioning is influenced by:

• Commercial construction project exposure
  • Premium product portfolio share
  • Distribution channel reach
  • Manufacturing scale advantages

Mohawk Industries remains a major participant due to its premium LVT brands such as SolidTech and UltimateFlex collections, which target residential and commercial renovation demand. The company strengthened its Vinyl Tile Market share by expanding waterproof flooring offerings, which contributed to estimated flooring segment growth of nearly 6% in 2025.

Shaw Industries maintains a strong presence through product lines such as Floorte and Floorte Pro collections. These rigid core vinyl tile systems are widely used in commercial offices and institutional buildings. The company increased commercial segment penetration by nearly 5.4%, strengthening its Vinyl Tile Market competitive position.

Tarkett continues expanding its Vinyl Tile Market share through product platforms such as iD Inspiration and Acczent vinyl tile series. These product lines target healthcare and education flooring, sectors growing at approximately 6–7% annually, supporting the company’s institutional segment expansion.

Interface Inc. is increasing its share through modular resilient flooring collections such as Level Set LVT and Drawn Lines vinyl tiles. The company’s carbon neutral flooring initiatives improved its sustainability driven commercial project wins by nearly 8% between 2024 and 2026.

Gerflor Group maintains competitive strength through Creation and Taralay vinyl tile ranges, particularly in healthcare and sports infrastructure. Healthcare flooring project demand increased nearly 6.8% in 2026, strengthening its Vinyl Tile Market presence.

Vinyl Tile Market Manufacturer Strategies and Product Line Differentiation

Product differentiation is a major strategy shaping the Vinyl Tile Market. Manufacturers are focusing on wear layer innovation, installation efficiency, and sustainability performance.

For instance:

• Mannington Mills expanded its Adura LVT collection targeting residential renovation demand growing nearly 6.5% annually
  • Forbo Flooring strengthened its Allura vinyl tile portfolio for commercial interiors where replacement demand increased 5.2%
  • LG Hausys expanded its Decotile product series supporting Asia commercial demand growing nearly 7%

Innovation trends among manufacturers include:

• Antimicrobial surface coatings
  • Acoustic backing layers reducing noise by 15–20%
  • Scratch resistant UV coatings improving durability by 25%
  • Click lock installation systems reducing installation time by 30%

Responsive Industries, one of the major Asian exporters, expanded Vinyl Tile Market exports by nearly 9% in 2025 through increased SPC tile production. Export driven manufacturers are gaining share due to competitive pricing advantages of nearly 10–14% compared to Western manufacturers.

Another competitive trend includes digital design libraries. Manufacturers expanding digital design catalogs increased architect specification rates by nearly 11%, strengthening their Vinyl Tile Market positioning.

Vinyl Tile Market Regional Manufacturer Expansion Strategies

Regional manufacturers are gaining Vinyl Tile Market share by focusing on cost competitive production and regional distribution networks.

For example:

• Southeast Asian producers increased exports by 8–10%
  • Eastern European manufacturers increased EU supply share by 5%
  • Indian manufacturers increased domestic commercial supply by 6%

Localized production strategies are becoming more important. For instance, manufacturers establishing regional warehouses reduced delivery times by nearly 18%, improving contractor preference.

Joint ventures are also increasing. Manufacturing partnerships increased nearly 7% between 2024 and 2026, allowing technology transfer and market entry improvements.

Smaller manufacturers are focusing on niche differentiation such as:

• Designer vinyl tiles
  • Eco friendly vinyl tile
  • Heavy traffic commercial tiles
  • Budget housing flooring solutions

These strategies are allowing regional companies to collectively maintain nearly 55% share of the Vinyl Tile Market, despite global consolidation trends.

Vinyl Tile Market Share by Manufacturers Based on Application Strength

Manufacturer share in the Vinyl Tile Market also varies by application strength rather than overall revenue.

For example:

Commercial leaders typically focus on:

• Healthcare flooring
  • Retail flooring
  • Hospitality flooring
  • Office flooring

Residential focused manufacturers emphasize:

• DIY installation formats
  • Waterproof flooring
  • Scratch resistant flooring
  • Decorative design collections

Institutional specialization is another share differentiator. For instance, manufacturers specializing in education flooring increased institutional Vinyl Tile Market share by nearly 4.5% through bulk procurement contracts.

Hospital flooring specialists also gained share as healthcare flooring demand increased nearly 6% annually, illustrating how application specialization influences Vinyl Tile Market share distribution.

Vinyl Tile Market Recent Industry Developments and Manufacturer Activities

Recent developments in the Vinyl Tile Market reflect innovation investments, sustainability expansion, and manufacturing capacity additions.

Recent developments include:

2026 – Product Innovation Expansion
Several manufacturers introduced next generation rigid core vinyl tiles with enhanced dent resistance improvements of nearly 20%, targeting retail and logistics flooring demand.

2025 – Sustainability Material Launches
Multiple Vinyl Tile Market leaders launched low VOC and phthalate free vinyl tile collections, increasing sustainable product portfolios by nearly 18%.

2025 – Manufacturing Capacity Expansion
Asian manufacturers increased production capacity by nearly 11% to support export demand growth from North America and Europe.

2024–2026 – Digital Manufacturing Adoption
Digital printing technology investments increased design production efficiency by nearly 14%, allowing rapid customization capabilities.

2026 – Commercial Distribution Partnerships
Manufacturers expanded contractor distribution agreements, increasing project specification rates by nearly 9%.

2025 – Recycling Initiatives
Closed loop recycling initiatives increased recycled vinyl usage to nearly 15% of raw material consumption among leading manufacturers.